Northern Trust’s economists outline how accelerating adoption of AI is colliding with hard limits in global electricity systems, reshaping growth prospects and policy choices.
Data centers are set to drive roughly a fifth of the increase in global electricity demand through 2030, with generation bottlenecks, supply-chain constraints and grid fragility pushing costs higher for households and industry alike.
Rising U.S. utility bills reflect a structural mismatch: rapid AI-related demand meets aging infrastructure and uneven investment in new capacity.
Nations with cheap, reliable power—such as parts of the Nordics and China—are positioned to scale AI faster, while developing economies face acute fiscal and grid limitations.
For a deeper sense of how energy scarcity may shape the next phase of AI-driven growth, the full commentary provides the broader economic frame.